Psychedelic Microdosing: Prevalence and Subjective Effects

Ketamine associated psychedelic effects and dependence.

Ketamine, a dissociative anaesthetic in use since 1970, produces prominent psychoactive effects in humans. Its non-medical use has raised concerns in many countries, including Singapore. This paper narrates the psychedelic and psychotic effects of ketamine in two ketamine dependent patients who have presented to the psychiatric service. These effects were dose-related and comprised multimodal h...

Unifying Theories of Psychedelic Drug Effects

How do psychedelic drugs produce their characteristic range of acute effects in perception, emotion, cognition, and sense of self? How do these effects relate to the clinical efficacy of psychedelic-assisted therapies? Efforts to understand psychedelic phenomena date back more than a century in Western science. In this article I review theories of psychedelic drug effects and highlight key conc...

Psychedelic States and Schizophrenia

As long as a man can talk to himself about himself, he retains some sense of personal identity and separateness. Once he stops talking (self-reflective thinking) and begins to listen "to the song going on within him," all boundaries, internal and external, cease to exist—including the internal-external boundary itself. In some cases, this state is experienced or interpreted as psychotic death; ...

Psychedelic effects of a subanesthetic concentration of nitrous oxide.

The subjective effects of nitrous oxide were examined by administering questionnaires to volunteers (16 men and 16 women) breathing 30% nitrous oxide or 100% oxygen. Nitrous oxide produced a variety of subjective effects, including some that are characteristic of psychedelic drugs, such as happy, euphoric mood changes, changes in body awareness and image, alterations of time perception, and exp...

Psychotoxic or Psychedelic